TYPE OF BATTERIES: - Low maintenance (non-sealed) and maintenance free (non-sealed or sealed) are the two most common types of car batteries.
The advantages of maintenance free batteries are less preventative maintenance, longer life, faster recharging, greater overcharge resistance, reduced terminal corrosion and longer shelf life, but they are more prone to deep discharge (dead battery) failures due to increased shedding of active plate material.
In hot climates, buying non-sealed batteries is recommended because a sealed battery will not allow you to add water when required, or to test the specific gravity with an external hydrometer. Some manufacturers introduced a third type of car battery, "dual", that combined a standard battery with switchable emergency backup cells. For about the same cost a better approach was to buy two batteries and isolate them.
It is best to buy a commercial or AMG battery for excessive vibration applications. Car batteries are specially designed for high initial cranking amps (usually for five to 15 seconds) to start an engine; whereas, deep cycle (or marine) batteries are designed for prolonged discharges at lower amperage.
A "dual marine" battery is a compromise between a car and deep cycle battery; However, a car battery will give you the best performance in a car. For RVs, a car battery is used to start the engine and a deep cycle battery is used to power the accessories. The batteries are connected to a diode isolator and both are automatically recharged by the RV's charging system when engine is running.
Sunday, June 14, 2009
BATTERIES
BATTERIES: - A car battery is principally used to start the engine. It is also used to filter or stabilize power and to provide extra power for the ignition, lighting and other accessories when their combined load exceeds the capability of the charging system, i.e., when the engine is idling. It also provides power to the electrical system when the charging system is not operating. The battery lies hidden under the bonnet and is an essential component of your vehicle. Regular care is a must, for if it in bad shape, the car will refuse to move. "Push-start" is a solution but cannot be carried on for long. A well-maintained battery lasts for two years. Regular care of your battery is a must, otherwise your car will not move. "Push-start" is an option but not a long term solution. A well maintained battery usually lasts for two years.
Points to note when buying a new battery
Climatic conditions determine the kind of battery you should buy. Colder climates require batteries with higher CCA ratings than in a hot climate.
Points to note when buying a new battery
Climatic conditions determine the kind of battery you should buy. Colder climates require batteries with higher CCA ratings than in a hot climate.
Engine Oil and its viscosity
Engine Oil and its viscosity: - For satisfactory lubrication of the engine the oil should possess some functional properties of which viscosity of oil is one of the most important properties, as it brings out the oil’s capacity to lubricate. Viscosity is the measure of oil’s resistance to flow. An oil’s viscosity is identified by its SAE’s (Society for Automotive Engineer’s) number. The thinner and oil, lower its number, e.g. SAE 10 W. The numerical relates to viscosity at particular temperature and the alphabet ‘W’, indicates the oil’s suitability for colder temperature. With the viscosity index improver, the viscosity increses at higher temperature and at lower temperature it does not increase significantly, thus achieving optimum viscosity at lower and higher temperature. Such oils are called multigrade oils, for instance ‘20 W40’ shows thinness at low temperature and thickness at higher temperature.
However, there are other service classification of oil apart from viscosity, developed by API- American Petroleum Institute, which indicates service characteristics. It is graded on a scale from SA (the lowest) to SJ (the highest) for gasoline engines, it is graded on a scale from CA to CG. Both the recommendations for viscosity and service classification can be found on label of the oil container.
However, there are other service classification of oil apart from viscosity, developed by API- American Petroleum Institute, which indicates service characteristics. It is graded on a scale from SA (the lowest) to SJ (the highest) for gasoline engines, it is graded on a scale from CA to CG. Both the recommendations for viscosity and service classification can be found on label of the oil container.
Diesel Engine Lubricating Oil
Diesel Engine Lubricating Oil: -
The main function of lubricant for diesel engine is the same as mentioned for gasoline engine. As the load in diesel engine is much higher it should have adequate antiwear properties. Diesel fuel contains a high level of Sulphur which burns to form oxides of sulphur , which in turn in the presence of water, form sulphur acids resting in high corrosion of engine parts. Hence the need of alkalinity reserve in the oil which is represented by its TBN or Total Base Number. Generally, the higher TBN value more the alkalinity reserve or acid neutralizing capacity the oil contains
The main function of lubricant for diesel engine is the same as mentioned for gasoline engine. As the load in diesel engine is much higher it should have adequate antiwear properties. Diesel fuel contains a high level of Sulphur which burns to form oxides of sulphur , which in turn in the presence of water, form sulphur acids resting in high corrosion of engine parts. Hence the need of alkalinity reserve in the oil which is represented by its TBN or Total Base Number. Generally, the higher TBN value more the alkalinity reserve or acid neutralizing capacity the oil contains
Lubricants- engine and its oil
Lubricants- engine and its oil: - The main purpose of lubricants is to lubricate moving parts of the vehicle to reduce friction and wear and tear by providing smoothing, trouble free performance for increased length of time.
A lubricant is a blend of base oils and performance enhancing additives as required by engine, gear box and other application areas. At the refinery, the crude oil is refined into gasoline, diesel, kerosene, LPG, naphtha and base stocks (Lube). This base stock is further processed, blended and strengthened with required properties to make different kind of lubricants.
Of the all the lubricants engine oil is the most import. Lubricants for gasoline and diesel engine are different as the load, cycles and fuels are different. The oil in an engine does more than just reduce friction between its moving parts. It also helps to seal the high-pressure combustion gases inside the cylinders, to impede the corrosion of metal parts, to absorb some of the harmful by-products of combustion, and to transfer heat from one part of the engine to another.
Combustion of rich air-fuel mixture during starting, idling and warm up form deposits. These deposits in the form of varnish, sludge, soot and carbon, interfere with proper engine operation.
A lubricant is a blend of base oils and performance enhancing additives as required by engine, gear box and other application areas. At the refinery, the crude oil is refined into gasoline, diesel, kerosene, LPG, naphtha and base stocks (Lube). This base stock is further processed, blended and strengthened with required properties to make different kind of lubricants.
Of the all the lubricants engine oil is the most import. Lubricants for gasoline and diesel engine are different as the load, cycles and fuels are different. The oil in an engine does more than just reduce friction between its moving parts. It also helps to seal the high-pressure combustion gases inside the cylinders, to impede the corrosion of metal parts, to absorb some of the harmful by-products of combustion, and to transfer heat from one part of the engine to another.
Combustion of rich air-fuel mixture during starting, idling and warm up form deposits. These deposits in the form of varnish, sludge, soot and carbon, interfere with proper engine operation.
TYRES
TYRES: - An radials tyres the ply or ply cords are alligned at 90 degrees to the circumference. While radials improve performance the fact is that they are not very good for bad roads and overloading. The suspension of a vehicle has, also, to be modified to accept radials. Radials offer much better grip of the road especially on surfaces which offer poor wheel traction like wet of slippery roads.
What do treads on tyres do?
Treads perform a variety of functions which includes increasing road grip, cooling the tyre while running at high speeds, forming an effect whereby tyres with deeper treads may not pick up loose pebbles and nails on the road, and providing a safe margin of rubber before the complete tyre wear out. In wet conditions they provide ducts through which the water is squeezed out. This in turn helps the tyre grip better.
Maintenance of Tyres
The single greatest cause of tyre damage is improper inflation, which result in unnecessary stress on them and also poor fuel average. Ensure that tyre pressure is always correct. At least once in every two weeks the tyre pressure should be checked and also when they are cold. Hot tyres will reflect wrong pressures and these will reduce once the tyre gets cold. Make sure the spare is always pressed up correctly, too.
FOR MOR INFORMATION CLICK HERE
What do treads on tyres do?
Treads perform a variety of functions which includes increasing road grip, cooling the tyre while running at high speeds, forming an effect whereby tyres with deeper treads may not pick up loose pebbles and nails on the road, and providing a safe margin of rubber before the complete tyre wear out. In wet conditions they provide ducts through which the water is squeezed out. This in turn helps the tyre grip better.
Maintenance of Tyres
The single greatest cause of tyre damage is improper inflation, which result in unnecessary stress on them and also poor fuel average. Ensure that tyre pressure is always correct. At least once in every two weeks the tyre pressure should be checked and also when they are cold. Hot tyres will reflect wrong pressures and these will reduce once the tyre gets cold. Make sure the spare is always pressed up correctly, too.
FOR MOR INFORMATION CLICK HERE
Parts of an automobiles
Parts of an automobiles: - The Britannica encyclopaedia describes the automobile as ‘a four-wheeled automotive vehicle designed primarily for passenger transportation and commonly propelled by an internal-combustion engine using a volatile fuel’. A regular automobile roughly comprises of 14,000 parts that are again divisible into other structural and mechanical subsystems.
BodyThe first in this list is the body of the automobile. It contains the passenger and storage space and the engine compartment. It is further classified according to the number of doors and the type of roof it has (e.g., two-door hardtop) and is made of molded steel, which is painted and treated to retard corrosion. The body rests upon the chassis, which is a steel frame that supports the engine, wheels, axle assemblies, transmission, steering mechanism, brakes, and suspension members.
Most vehicles use the internal combustion gasoline engine with reciprocating pistons and a four-stroke cycle.
A transmission includes shafts, gears and a clutch and is installed between the engine and the driving wheels that allow the engine to be disconnected when the engine ids started and idling and to make the most efficient use of the engine’s power under varying loads. There are two types of transmissions - those in which the gears are shifted manually by the driver and those where the gears are shifted automatically by such a device as a hydraulic torque converter.
BodyThe first in this list is the body of the automobile. It contains the passenger and storage space and the engine compartment. It is further classified according to the number of doors and the type of roof it has (e.g., two-door hardtop) and is made of molded steel, which is painted and treated to retard corrosion. The body rests upon the chassis, which is a steel frame that supports the engine, wheels, axle assemblies, transmission, steering mechanism, brakes, and suspension members.
Most vehicles use the internal combustion gasoline engine with reciprocating pistons and a four-stroke cycle.
A transmission includes shafts, gears and a clutch and is installed between the engine and the driving wheels that allow the engine to be disconnected when the engine ids started and idling and to make the most efficient use of the engine’s power under varying loads. There are two types of transmissions - those in which the gears are shifted manually by the driver and those where the gears are shifted automatically by such a device as a hydraulic torque converter.
AUTO CONSUMABLES
AUTO CONSUMABLES: - What are the constituents that keep your vehicle moving? Is it the wheels, the axle, the engine, what? Of course they do. But what keeps them running? It is actually the fuel that keeps it running. And a long list of consumables. These include fuel, engine oil, and various other lubricants that are responsible to keep a vehicle 'alive'. It won't be an exaggeration to term these as the lifeblood of your favorite automobile.
This is why today consumers in all vehicle segments have grown cautious about the quality of fuel and lubricants that they use. Unbranded lubricants and fuel from unauthorized sources is a complete no-no, while big brands are spending extensively on positioning their products as 'guards for your engine'. The environment factor is the latest to hit the market and has forced manufacturers and consumers alike to make and use environment friendly consumables.
Same is the case with the other products like battery, tyres etc. which account for the running expense of any vehicle. We present a list of such and other consumables that will aid you in looking after your vehicle.
This is why today consumers in all vehicle segments have grown cautious about the quality of fuel and lubricants that they use. Unbranded lubricants and fuel from unauthorized sources is a complete no-no, while big brands are spending extensively on positioning their products as 'guards for your engine'. The environment factor is the latest to hit the market and has forced manufacturers and consumers alike to make and use environment friendly consumables.
Same is the case with the other products like battery, tyres etc. which account for the running expense of any vehicle. We present a list of such and other consumables that will aid you in looking after your vehicle.
Saturday, June 6, 2009
Volvo
Volvo
Established in year 1927, Volvo is world's leading manufacturer and most global player of trucks, buses, cars, construction equipment, aero engines and engines for marine and industrial applications. The company has maintained a consistent focus in the transport and automotive vehicle industry. It has its production facilities in over 20 countries and sales all across the worldwide.
The company major focus market is India whereas intense efforts are being made in new markets in Asia. More than 40% of Volvo's workforce is employed outside Sweden and markets outside account for 90 per cent of the sales. Both quality and quantity wise, Volvo's entry into India coincides with the changing demands of the Indian economy.
It is the company belief that technologically aware India will make an ideal base for production and global sourcing. The company is one of the biggest producers of heavy commercial vehicles as their trucks are reputed for their performance, economy and are the flag bearers in their production activities in India. Major attention goes to the commercial transport sector and activities which act as underway to introduce buses and construction equipment.
For over 2 years, Volvo Penta Diesel engines have been selling in India and comprises an installation base of over 1000 units. The company render economical transport solutions in consonance with its values of safety, quality, and environmental care. On 15th Jun'98, company inducted its manufacturing facility for heavy commercial vehicles in Hoskote, near Bangalore.
Initial investment of Volvo is Rs 300 crore. Average gross vehicle weight of heavy commercial vehicle is over 16 tonnes. The unit has a capacity of 4000 units per annum, which it plans to achieve in the next 4-5 years. The company plans to generate its operations in India for their distribution systems and global production. Many vehicles, components and services of Volvo are sourced from India for assembly and application at an international scale.
Volvo group is the third largest heavy-duty truck manufacturer in the world. Apart from trucks, the company makes city buses, intercity buses and coaches which are sold in more than 130 countries. Volvo was the first company to manufacture cars with padded dashboards starting in late 1956 with their Amazon model. Volvo produces models ranging from SUVs, wagons, and sedans to compact executive sedans and coupes. The company market share is shrinking in the North American market while its market share is increased in new markets such as Russia, China and India.
Established in year 1927, Volvo is world's leading manufacturer and most global player of trucks, buses, cars, construction equipment, aero engines and engines for marine and industrial applications. The company has maintained a consistent focus in the transport and automotive vehicle industry. It has its production facilities in over 20 countries and sales all across the worldwide.
The company major focus market is India whereas intense efforts are being made in new markets in Asia. More than 40% of Volvo's workforce is employed outside Sweden and markets outside account for 90 per cent of the sales. Both quality and quantity wise, Volvo's entry into India coincides with the changing demands of the Indian economy.
It is the company belief that technologically aware India will make an ideal base for production and global sourcing. The company is one of the biggest producers of heavy commercial vehicles as their trucks are reputed for their performance, economy and are the flag bearers in their production activities in India. Major attention goes to the commercial transport sector and activities which act as underway to introduce buses and construction equipment.
For over 2 years, Volvo Penta Diesel engines have been selling in India and comprises an installation base of over 1000 units. The company render economical transport solutions in consonance with its values of safety, quality, and environmental care. On 15th Jun'98, company inducted its manufacturing facility for heavy commercial vehicles in Hoskote, near Bangalore.
Initial investment of Volvo is Rs 300 crore. Average gross vehicle weight of heavy commercial vehicle is over 16 tonnes. The unit has a capacity of 4000 units per annum, which it plans to achieve in the next 4-5 years. The company plans to generate its operations in India for their distribution systems and global production. Many vehicles, components and services of Volvo are sourced from India for assembly and application at an international scale.
Volvo group is the third largest heavy-duty truck manufacturer in the world. Apart from trucks, the company makes city buses, intercity buses and coaches which are sold in more than 130 countries. Volvo was the first company to manufacture cars with padded dashboards starting in late 1956 with their Amazon model. Volvo produces models ranging from SUVs, wagons, and sedans to compact executive sedans and coupes. The company market share is shrinking in the North American market while its market share is increased in new markets such as Russia, China and India.
Toyota Motors
Toyota Motors
Established on 6th October, 1997, Toyota motors has pulled the vigilant of Indian customers to its products. With the full devotion and round the clock services, Toyota tied up with Kirloskar Group by forming Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited. Two shareholders of Toyota Motors are Toyota Motor Corporation holding share of 89% while Kirloskar group is having the share of 11% .
Headquartered in Japan, Toyota motors is a multinational corporation, the world's largest automaker. Other offices are located in Aichi, Nagoya and in Tokyo. In 1982, Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor Corporation. After two years, Toyota signed a joint venture with GM called NUMMI, the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc, operating an automobile manufacturing plant in Fremont, California.
Toyota Motors has been appreciated by many awards. In 1970, it was awarded by Japanese Quality Control Award for being participating in a wide variety of Motor sports. Later in the year 1990, Toyota Motors began to branch out from producing mostly compact cars by adding several larger and luxurious vehicles to its lineup.
In 1997, the company began production of the world's best selling hybrid car, the Toyota Prius. Later in 2002, it has started IMV project, "Innovative International Multi-purpose vehicle" to optimize global manufacturing and supply systems for pickup trucks and multipurpose vehicles.
In the beginning of year 2007, the company has developed as the most profitable automaker and largest seller of cars. Revenue of Toyota Motors in year 2006 is $11 billion along with increasing sales among other countries i.e United States.
Established on 6th October, 1997, Toyota motors has pulled the vigilant of Indian customers to its products. With the full devotion and round the clock services, Toyota tied up with Kirloskar Group by forming Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited. Two shareholders of Toyota Motors are Toyota Motor Corporation holding share of 89% while Kirloskar group is having the share of 11% .
Headquartered in Japan, Toyota motors is a multinational corporation, the world's largest automaker. Other offices are located in Aichi, Nagoya and in Tokyo. In 1982, Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor Corporation. After two years, Toyota signed a joint venture with GM called NUMMI, the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc, operating an automobile manufacturing plant in Fremont, California.
Toyota Motors has been appreciated by many awards. In 1970, it was awarded by Japanese Quality Control Award for being participating in a wide variety of Motor sports. Later in the year 1990, Toyota Motors began to branch out from producing mostly compact cars by adding several larger and luxurious vehicles to its lineup.
In 1997, the company began production of the world's best selling hybrid car, the Toyota Prius. Later in 2002, it has started IMV project, "Innovative International Multi-purpose vehicle" to optimize global manufacturing and supply systems for pickup trucks and multipurpose vehicles.
In the beginning of year 2007, the company has developed as the most profitable automaker and largest seller of cars. Revenue of Toyota Motors in year 2006 is $11 billion along with increasing sales among other countries i.e United States.
Sonalika Tractors
Sonalika Tractors
Sonalika Tractors is one of the top five tractor manufacturing companies in India. Its product listing include tractors,multi utility vehicles ,Engines and various farm equipments. Since its inception in 1969, Sonalika Group has tried to understand the demands of its customer. The company id situated in the land of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
The company has shown an annual growth of 30% and is one of the fastest growing corporate in India. The gross turnover of this company is around 1200 Crore INR. With a strength of approximately 3000 employees, the company has a maximum production rate with extremely low cost value and eco- friendly environment. In the year 1996-1997, their production level was 396 and agriculture machinery produced was 36091. The company has raised its production upto 5000 and their agriculture machinery produced was 16090 in the year 2003-2004.
Another feather was added to the crown of Sonalika when company's chairman, Vice Chairman, and Managing Director were honored in hotel Taj Man Singh because of their rich contribution to the tractor industry. Sh. L.D. Mittal Chairman was awarded with the Pride of Country award by Chaudhary Prem Singh Speaker Delhi Vidhan Sabha. 'Udyog Bhushan' was given to Sh. Deepak Mittal, Managing Director, and Gold Medal for good quality production of tractors was given to Sh. A.S.Mittal, Vice Chairman . These awards have been instituted by "Society of industry and Business achievements" and were awarded in the presence of large group comprising of Business and Industry magnates of the country.
Sonalika Tractors is one of the top five tractor manufacturing companies in India. Its product listing include tractors,multi utility vehicles ,Engines and various farm equipments. Since its inception in 1969, Sonalika Group has tried to understand the demands of its customer. The company id situated in the land of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
The company has shown an annual growth of 30% and is one of the fastest growing corporate in India. The gross turnover of this company is around 1200 Crore INR. With a strength of approximately 3000 employees, the company has a maximum production rate with extremely low cost value and eco- friendly environment. In the year 1996-1997, their production level was 396 and agriculture machinery produced was 36091. The company has raised its production upto 5000 and their agriculture machinery produced was 16090 in the year 2003-2004.
Another feather was added to the crown of Sonalika when company's chairman, Vice Chairman, and Managing Director were honored in hotel Taj Man Singh because of their rich contribution to the tractor industry. Sh. L.D. Mittal Chairman was awarded with the Pride of Country award by Chaudhary Prem Singh Speaker Delhi Vidhan Sabha. 'Udyog Bhushan' was given to Sh. Deepak Mittal, Managing Director, and Gold Medal for good quality production of tractors was given to Sh. A.S.Mittal, Vice Chairman . These awards have been instituted by "Society of industry and Business achievements" and were awarded in the presence of large group comprising of Business and Industry magnates of the country.
Skoda Auto India Pvt Ltd.
Skoda Auto India Pvt Ltd.
Skoda Auto is a part of the International Volkswagen Group. It is one of the premier automobile manufacturer in Europe, based in Czech Republic. The company introduced itself on November 16th, 2001. With its Greenfield plant in Aurangabad, the company has its dealership network spread over Mumbai and Delhi region.
The brand Skoda Auto is globally known for its stylish looks, well built exterior and its constant endeavor to introduce modern technologies. The company has already introduced 12 luxury models in Indian market. Skoda Superb and Skoda Laura are the few to be named. Each product of Skoda Auto are popularly known for their stylish looks and well built exteriors.
In the year 2005, the company acquires approximately one-fourth of the Indian market share (ie, 25%) in luxuary car segments. A network of 41 dealerships equipped with 35 facilities spread across the country was set up in the same year.
Skoda Auto in India received awards like 'Most Technologically Advanced Car' for Skoda Laura and 'Best Variant' for Skoda Superb Turbo Diesel from CNBC-TV18 AUTOCAR AUTO in the year 2006. It has also received 'Executive Car of the Year' award from NDTV PROFIT CAR INDIA and 'Automotive Technology of the Year' award from OVERDRIVE, both for Skoda Laura.
Skoda Auto is a part of the International Volkswagen Group. It is one of the premier automobile manufacturer in Europe, based in Czech Republic. The company introduced itself on November 16th, 2001. With its Greenfield plant in Aurangabad, the company has its dealership network spread over Mumbai and Delhi region.
The brand Skoda Auto is globally known for its stylish looks, well built exterior and its constant endeavor to introduce modern technologies. The company has already introduced 12 luxury models in Indian market. Skoda Superb and Skoda Laura are the few to be named. Each product of Skoda Auto are popularly known for their stylish looks and well built exteriors.
In the year 2005, the company acquires approximately one-fourth of the Indian market share (ie, 25%) in luxuary car segments. A network of 41 dealerships equipped with 35 facilities spread across the country was set up in the same year.
Skoda Auto in India received awards like 'Most Technologically Advanced Car' for Skoda Laura and 'Best Variant' for Skoda Superb Turbo Diesel from CNBC-TV18 AUTOCAR AUTO in the year 2006. It has also received 'Executive Car of the Year' award from NDTV PROFIT CAR INDIA and 'Automotive Technology of the Year' award from OVERDRIVE, both for Skoda Laura.
San Motors
San Motors
San Motors was conceived as a never done before project in India. The company has given a plethora of models to suit every requirement, well almost! Size, shape, design, budget were all taken care of.
“San Storm” from San Motors, projected as India's first sports car. The company through its sports car is making its market demand rapidly. This car is powered by a 1149 cc Renault engine which gives output of 60bhp with an extremely low power to weight ratio. That was the first car that even remotely resembles a sports car.
San Storm offers comfort, economy, style and a sense of pride of ownership all rolled into one. The Storm was designed by the world famous Le Mans Design Group comprising of Gerard Godfroy the designer, Phillipe Belou the engineer and Christophe Bhir for build and prototyping
San Motors was conceived as a never done before project in India. The company has given a plethora of models to suit every requirement, well almost! Size, shape, design, budget were all taken care of.
“San Storm” from San Motors, projected as India's first sports car. The company through its sports car is making its market demand rapidly. This car is powered by a 1149 cc Renault engine which gives output of 60bhp with an extremely low power to weight ratio. That was the first car that even remotely resembles a sports car.
San Storm offers comfort, economy, style and a sense of pride of ownership all rolled into one. The Storm was designed by the world famous Le Mans Design Group comprising of Gerard Godfroy the designer, Phillipe Belou the engineer and Christophe Bhir for build and prototyping
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